Standard Arrival Routes (STARs)

A Standard Arrival Route (STAR) is a predefined instrument approach procedure used to transition aircraft from the enroute phase of flight into the terminal area, guiding them toward the initial approach fix (IAF) for landing. Like SIDs, STARs reduce ATC workload, improve traffic flow, and enhance safety in high-density airspace.

• Provide a structured, predictable descent path
• Ensure safe navigation through congested airspace
• Minimize controller-pilot communication
• Assist in noise abatement and airspace containment
• Separate arrivals from departures and overflights

A STAR includes:

• Waypoint-based routing (using VOR radials or RNAV fixes)
• Speed and altitude restrictions
• One or more transition routes from the enroute structure
• A connection to the approach procedure (ILS, RNAV, VOR, etc.)
• May include a vectoring segment or end at a specific ATC-assigned fix

• Named after a fix near the end of the procedure
• Accompanied by a version number (e.g., “GAMLI 3L”)
• May include runway-specific letters (e.g., L = runway 26L, R = 26R)

Example:

• BIBAG 2W
• STAR to waypoint BIBAG
• second revision
• W indicates alignment with a specific runway

• “Cleared via LUNIX 4N arrival, expect ILS runway 26”
• “Descend via STAR, maintain FL90”
• “Cancel STAR, radar vectors for approach”

• Filed in the IFR flight plan
• Loaded into the FMS or GPS navigation system
• Followed in accordance with altitude and speed restrictions
• May be modified or interrupted by ATC with radar vectors

• ATC may assign a STAR at clearance delivery or during enroute phase
• STARs often end at a clearance limit, requiring ATC to assign further descent or vectors
• Speed and altitude restrictions must be followed unless canceled

• ✅ Reduce controller and pilot workload
• ✅ Enhance traffic predictability and sequencing
• ✅ Integrate seamlessly with terminal procedures and approaches
• ✅ Allow environmental and noise abatement procedures

• Pilots must be familiar with charted STARs for their destination
• STARs are subject to NOTAMs, airspace restrictions, and traffic flow programs
• Always verify STAR assignment during approach briefing
• ATC may issue a direct-to fix, bypassing part of the STAR