Pushback Procedures

Pushback is the procedure used to move an aircraft backwards from a parking stand using a tug or tow vehicle, since most aircraft cannot reverse under their own power. It is a ground operation that requires coordination between pilots, ground crew, and ATC to ensure safety and proper positioning before taxi.

• Clear the aircraft from the gate or stand
• Position the aircraft nose-out for taxi to the runway
• Ensure safe maneuvering in tight ramp spaces
• Prevent jet blast or prop wash hazards

• At airports with nose-in parking stands
• For larger aircraft that cannot power-back
• In apron areas with limited turning radius or obstacles

1. Request start-up and pushback clearance from ATC:
   • “Ground, OE-LAB, stand 12, request start-up and pushback.”
2. Receive clearance:
   • “OE-LAB, pushback approved, face west, expect taxi via Alpha.”
3. Ground crew connects tug and headset
4. Pilot confirms:
   • Parking brake set
   • Engines off, anti-collision light off
   • All external doors and hatches closed
5. Ground crew requests pushback:
   • “Brakes released, cleared to push back, facing west.”
6. Pilot releases brakes, starts engines during push (if permitted)
7. Ground crew signals push complete and requests brake set
8. Pilot sets brakes and confirms:
   • “Brakes set, disconnect.”
9. Ground crew disconnects and signals clear to taxi

• Often permitted during pushback
• Usually starts with engine #2, followed by engine #1
• Requires monitoring N1/N2, oil pressure, and EGT per checklist
• Anti-collision lights must be on before engine start

• ✅ Confirm all doors, hatches, and equipment are secured
• ✅ Use checklists and standard callouts
• ✅ Follow marshaller or headset guidance precisely
• ✅ Watch for fuel trucks, wing clearance, and nearby ground traffic
• ❌ Never initiate push without clearance or coordination
• ❌ Avoid power application until towbar is disconnected and area clear

• Pushback: Performed by tug — standard procedure
• Powerback: Aircraft reverses using its own engines — rare and not recommended, due to safety and FOD risks

• Brief the pushback direction and engine start sequence
• Be familiar with stand-specific procedures and ATC expectations
• Use LearnATC’s airline ramp operations scenarios to practice pushback workflows