Interception Procedures
Definition
Interception procedures are the standardized actions taken when an aircraft is intercepted by military or authorized security aircraft, typically due to a loss of communication, unauthorized airspace entry, or suspicious behavior. These procedures are governed by ICAO Annex 2, ensuring safe and clear communication between the intercepting and intercepted aircraft using visual signals and standardized maneuvers.
Purpose
- Identify and escort aircraft that are not following ATC instructions
- Respond to emergencies, security violations, or airspace breaches
- Ensure orderly handling of non-cooperative or unaware traffic
- Prevent accidental escalation by using internationally recognized procedures
When Interception May Occur
- Entering restricted, prohibited, or national defense airspace
- Loss of communication in controlled or sensitive areas
- Deviations from assigned flight plan or altitude
- Suspicion of hijacking, security threat, or unregistered aircraft activity
- Failure to respond to repeated ATC instructions or squawk codes
Visual Signals from Intercepting Aircraft
| Interceptor Signal | Meaning | Pilot Response |
|---|---|---|
| Rocking wings (daylight) or flashing lights (night) | You are intercepted, follow me | Rock wings, follow interceptor |
| Slow turns or circling | Follow the indicated route | Mirror movements, maintain visual contact |
| Breaking away and climbing | You may proceed | Rock wings and proceed on course |
| Flying across your path at close range | Follow immediately (emergency) | Follow instructions, acknowledge |
Signals from Intercepted Aircraft
| Action | Meaning to Interceptor |
|---|---|
| Rocking wings | Acknowledgement and compliance |
| Flashing landing/navigation lights | Distress or compliance signal |
| Lowering landing gear and flaps | Preparing to land as instructed |
| Wagging wings and not following | Not complying or unable to comply |
Standard Radio Procedures
- Frequency: 121.500 MHz – International emergency frequency — monitor and transmit
- Phraseology (if intercepted): “This is OE-ABC. I am a civil aircraft. Unable to establish communication. Request instructions.”
Recommended Pilot Actions if Intercepted
- Maintain visual contact with intercepting aircraft
- Comply immediately with all signals and instructions
- Do not make sudden movements or transmit unclear intentions
- Squawk 7700 (emergency) if needed
- Monitor and transmit on 121.500 MHz
- If instructed to land, do so safely and comply with ground instructions
- Notify ATC as soon as possible
Prevention of Interception
- ✅ File and follow an appropriate flight plan
- ✅ Maintain two-way radio contact with ATC
- ✅ Use correct transponder settings (e.g., 7000 VFR, 7600 radio failure)
- ✅ Stay clear of restricted/prohibited areas, especially near borders or military zones
Legal and Safety Implications
- Interceptions are serious events and can involve military response
- Failure to comply may lead to fines, license actions, or international legal consequences
- Intercepted aircraft should behave calmly, predictably, and cooperatively
Tips for Pilots
- ✅ Learn the visual signals by heart — they are universal
- ✅ Review interception procedures during route planning
- ✅ Use LearnATC’s emergency and security scenario training to practice appropriate actions